Water in the World

Year 7 Geography · Study Mode

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The Water Cycle — A Raindrop's Journey

☀️ Evaporation→ ☁️ Condensation→ 🌧️ Precipitation→ 🟫 Infiltration / Run-off→ 🌿 Transpiration→ repeats

Evaporation — sun heats water (especially the ocean), turning it into vapour.
Condensation — vapour rises, cools, and forms clouds.
Precipitation — water falls from the sky as rain, snow, or hail.
Infiltration — water soaks into soil and rocks (becomes groundwater).
Run-off — water flows over land into rivers and lakes.
Transpiration — plants release water vapour from their leaves.

Why Fresh Water is Special

Earth is 70% water, but only 2.5% is fresh water we can use.
Low salinity, accessible, vital for life.

Humans Change the Cycle

👍 Positive: dams, desalination, water recycling.
👎 Negative: deforestation (less transpiration), paving cities (less infiltration → floods), pollution (contaminates run-off).
Interconnection = the way people and things are connected and affect each other.

Australia's Water Story

The Great Dividing Range acts like a wall — moist ocean air rises, cools, and rains on the coast.
Coast = wet, outback = dry. Australia is the land of "droughts and flooding rains."
Strategies: desalination plants (Perth, Sydney, Brisbane), rainwater tanks, water restrictions.
Sustainability = using water today without stopping future generations from having enough.

Blue Water vs Green Water

Blue water — surface and groundwater (rivers, lakes, aquifers).
Green water — soil moisture used by plants. Most food is grown using it.

How People Value Water

Farmer — irrigation for crops and animals.
Tourist — swimming, recreation, beauty.
First Nations Australians — sacred sites with deep cultural history (e.g. Mutitjulu Waterhole at Uluru).
Three values: Economic · Social · Environmental.

Hazards

Floods — too much water (often cyclones / heavy storms).
Droughts — too little (long periods with almost no precipitation).